Senior Pet Nutrition: Keeping Your Older Pet Healthy & Happy

It is estimated that over 50% of pets in the United States are considered senior or geriatric, yet many pet parents don’t realize that their aging companions need different nutrition than their younger counterparts. It’s important to note that “senior” status isn’t just about age – it’s about when your dog or cat starts showing signs of aging. For example, dogs are typically considered senior at different ages depending on their size. While a small dog like a Chihuahua might live 14-16 years, a large breed like a Great Dane typically only lives 7-10 years. Some relevant signs of aging in dogs may include:

Physical:

• Graying fur, especially around the muzzle and face
• Reduced muscle mass, especially in the hind legs
• Dental issues and worn teeth
• Weight changes – either gain from reduced activity or loss from reduced appetite
• Impaired hearing or vision

Behavioral:

• Changes in mobility: stiffness, difficulty getting up or lying down, reluctance to climb stairs
• Altered sleep patterns
• Changes in bathroom habits or occasional house-training accidents
• Increased anxiety or clinginess
• Changes in appetite or thirst

Signs of aging in cats may include:

Physical:

• Changes in mobility like difficulty jumping, climbing stairs, or getting into the litter box; stiffness after sleeping
• Weight changes (either loss or gain) and muscle loss, especially visible along the spine and hips
• Graying or whitening of fur, especially around the face
• Changes in claws, which may become thicker or more brittle

Behavioral Changes:

• Increased sleep and decreased activity levels
• Less interest in play and exploration
• More vocal, especially at night
• Changes in socialization – either becoming more clingy or more withdrawn
• Possible confusion or disorientation in familiar spaces (changes in cognitive function)

The primary nutritional differences between senior dogs and senior cats lie in their protein requirements, carbohydrate tolerance, hydration needs, and the types of fats and fibers that are most beneficial to their health. Tailoring their diets based on these distinct needs can ensure your pet remains healthy and comfortable in their golden years!

Senior dogs generally need a higher protein intake compared to younger dogs. The American Kennel Club has noted that elderly dogs may require at least a 50% increase in dietary protein compared to younger adult dogs to maintain muscle mass and support overall health. Ideally the protein should be of high quality and easily digestible, such as chicken, turkey, or fish. Too much protein, however, can strain the kidneys, especially in older dogs with renal issues, so balancing protein levels is crucial. Healthy fats, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are important for senior dogs as they help maintain joint health and reduce inflammation. They also promote a shiny coat and healthy skin. A balance of moderate fat content is ideal, tailored to their activity level. Dogs can handle a moderate amount of carbohydrates in their diet, which provide energy and fiber for digestive health. Fiber helps manage weight by making them feel fuller and aids in digestion, which is important for aging dogs prone to constipation or digestive issues. Sources like sweet potatoes, brown rice, and oats are often used in senior dog food formulas. Senior dogs, especially large breeds, often suffer from joint pain or arthritis. Diets enriched with glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation and support joint health. Older dogs may be less motivated to drink water, leading to dehydration, which can affect kidney function and overall health. Wet food or adding water to dry kibble can help ensure proper hydration. Senior dogs are often less active, which can lead to weight gain. Look for foods that are tailored to senior dogs to help prevent weight gain.

Our top recommendation for senior dogs:

Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they need more protein in their diet than dogs, especially as they age. As senior cats lose muscle mass, they require more protein to preserve their lean body mass. Unlike dogs, cats cannot process plant-based proteins well, so their diet must primarily consist of animal proteins like chicken, beef, or fish to ensure proper nutrition. Omega-3 fatty acids are particularly beneficial for senior cats, helping to support joint health and cognitive function. They also aid in maintaining skin and coat health. Cats are less prone to obesity than dogs (unless they are overfed or sedentary), so they might be able to handle a slightly higher fat content in their diet compared to dogs, especially if they have specific health needs. Cats have a low carbohydrate requirement, as they derive most of their energy from proteins and fats. While a small amount of fiber is important for digestive health, excessive carbohydrates can lead to weight gain and diabetes, especially in sedentary older cats. High-fiber foods like vegetables should be limited, and a protein-rich, low-carb diet is generally better for senior cats. Cats are naturally less inclined to drink water, and dehydration is a common concern in older cats, especially those with kidney disease. Wet food is crucial to ensure they stay hydrated, as it provides a significant amount of moisture. Cats are also prone to urinary tract issues as they age, so providing foods that support urinary health is essential. Cats with dental issues may also struggle to chew kibble, making wet food a better choice for some senior cats. Cats are less likely to develop arthritis than dogs, but they can still suffer from joint stiffness and pain. Like dogs, senior cats benefit from joint-supporting nutrients like glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids, though joint problems are often harder to diagnose in cats due to their more independent nature. Obesity is a concern in senior cats, especially with the decrease in activity levels. Weight control food formulated for senior cats often includes lower calorie content and high protein to maintain muscle mass without excess fat.

Our top recommendation for senior cats:

A note on dental health:

• Dental health is an important aspect of senior dog care. Dry kibble can help reduce tartar buildup, but senior dogs often need regular dental check-ups and possibly dental treats or chews. Some senior dog foods include ingredients that help support dental health.
• Dental issues are quite common in older cats, and they can lead to gum disease and tooth loss. Wet food is easier on their teeth, but cats still benefit from dental treats or specialized food designed to support dental health. Cats with poor dental health may need a specific diet or veterinary intervention.

Remember, every pet ages differently, so work closely with your veterinarian to create a tailored nutrition plan. Take the first step today by reviewing your pet’s current diet and scheduling a nutrition consultation with your vet. Our next post will explore some popular Supplements for Senior Pets.

* Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and doesn’t constitute veterinary advice. Always consult with a qualified veterinarian for personalized guidance on your senior dog’s specific needs.
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